Unclear pronoun reference

A pronoun (he, she, it, this, which...) only works if the reader can point to exactly one noun it replaces. When two nouns are candidates, or when there's no noun at all, the reference is unclear. Our mainframes flag this as #GR13, and in IELTS Writing Task 2 it counts against Grammatical Range & Accuracy every single time.

Each item shows a sentence with an unclear pronoun, plus a note on what it should mean. Retype the sentence so the reference is unambiguous — capitalisation and the final punctuation mark don't need to match exactly, but every word and its position does.

In your next essay, circle every he/she/it/this/which and ask "which exact noun is this pointing to?" — and watch this error's count drop in your writing passport.